/*
–整理者：永恒de影
–整理时间：2010/06/08
–内容：SQL函数的介绍：
*/
–SQL2000查询出各（某）表字段的属性:
SELECT
表名 = case when a.colorder=1 then d.name else ” end,
表说明 = case when a.colorder=1 then isnull(f.value,”) else ” end,
字段序号 = a.colorder,
字段名 = a.name,
标识 = case when COLUMNPROPERTY( a.id,a.name,’IsIdentity’)=1 then ‘√’else ” end,
主键 = case when exists(SELECT 1 FROM sysobjects where xtype=’PK’ and parent_obj=a.id and name in (
SELECT name FROM sysindexes WHERE indid in(
SELECT indid FROM sysindexkeys WHERE id = a.id AND colid=a.colid))) then ‘√’ else ” end,
类型 = b.name,
占用字节数 = a.length,
长度 = COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id,a.name,’PRECISION’),
小数位数 = isnull(COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id,a.name,’Scale’),0),
允许空 = case when a.isnullable=1 then ‘√’else ” end,
默认值 = isnull(e.text,”),
字段说明 = isnull(g.[value],”)
FROM
syscolumns a
left join
systypes b
on
a.xusertype=b.xusertype
inner join
sysobjects d
on
a.id=d.id and d.xtype=’U’ and d.name<>’dtproperties’
left join
syscomments e
on
a.cdefault=e.id
left join
sysproperties g
on
a.id=g.id and a.colid=g.smallid
left join
sysproperties f
on
d.id=f.id and f.smallid=0
where
d.name=’要查询的表’ –如果只查询指定表,加上此条件
order by
a.id,a.colorder
–SQL2005查询出各（某）表字段的属性:
— ========================================================================
— 表结构信息查询
— 邹建 2005.08(引用请保留此信息)
— ========================================================================
SELECT
TableName=CASE WHEN C.column_id=1 THEN O.name ELSE N” END,
TableDesc=ISNULL(CASE WHEN C.column_id=1 THEN PTB.[value] END,N”),
Column_id=C.column_id,
ColumnName=C.name,
PrimaryKey=ISNULL(IDX.PrimaryKey,N”),
[IDENTITY]=CASE WHEN C.is_identity=1 THEN N’√’ELSE N” END,
Computed=CASE WHEN C.is_computed=1 THEN N’√’ELSE N” END,
Type=T.name,
Length=C.max_length,
Precision=C.precision,
Scale=C.scale,
NullAble=CASE WHEN C.is_nullable=1 THEN N’√’ELSE N” END,
[Default]=ISNULL(D.definition,N”),
ColumnDesc=ISNULL(PFD.[value],N”),
IndexName=ISNULL(IDX.IndexName,N”),
IndexSort=ISNULL(IDX.Sort,N”),
Create_Date=O.Create_Date,
Modify_Date=O.Modify_date
FROM sys.columns C
INNER JOIN sys.objects O
ON C.[object_id]=O.[object_id]
AND O.type=’U’
AND O.is_ms_shipped=0
INNER JOIN sys.types T
ON C.user_type_id=T.user_type_id
LEFT JOIN sys.default_constraints D
ON C.[object_id]=D.parent_object_id
AND C.column_id=D.parent_column_id
AND C.default_object_id=D.[object_id]
LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties PFD
ON PFD.class=1
AND C.[object_id]=PFD.major_id
AND C.column_id=PFD.minor_id
— AND PFD.name=’Caption’ — 字段说明对应的描述名称(一个字段可以添加多个不同name的描述)
LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties PTB
ON PTB.class=1
AND PTB.minor_id=0
AND C.[object_id]=PTB.major_id
— AND PFD.name=’Caption’ — 表说明对应的描述名称(一个表可以添加多个不同name的描述)
LEFT JOIN — 索引及主键信息
(
SELECT
IDXC.[object_id],
IDXC.column_id,
Sort=CASE INDEXKEY_PROPERTY(IDXC.[object_id],IDXC.index_id,IDXC.index_column_id,’IsDescending’)
WHEN 1 THEN ‘DESC’ WHEN 0 THEN ‘ASC’ ELSE ” END,
PrimaryKey=CASE WHEN IDX.is_primary_key=1 THEN N’√’ELSE N” END,
IndexName=IDX.Name
FROM sys.indexes IDX
INNER JOIN sys.index_columns IDXC
ON IDX.[object_id]=IDXC.[object_id]
AND IDX.index_id=IDXC.index_id
LEFT JOIN sys.key_constraints KC
ON IDX.[object_id]=KC.[parent_object_id]
AND IDX.index_id=KC.unique_index_id
INNER JOIN — 对于一个列包含多个索引的情况,只显示第1个索引信息
(
SELECT [object_id], Column_id, index_id=MIN(index_id)
FROM sys.index_columns
GROUP BY [object_id], Column_id
) IDXCUQ
ON IDXC.[object_id]=IDXCUQ.[object_id]
AND IDXC.Column_id=IDXCUQ.Column_id
AND IDXC.index_id=IDXCUQ.index_id
) IDX
ON C.[object_id]=IDX.[object_id]
AND C.column_id=IDX.column_id
— WHERE O.name=N’要查询的表’ — 如果只查询指定表,加上此条件
ORDER BY O.name,C.column_id
–SQL2005索引及主键信息 :
— ========================================================================
— 索引及主键信息
— 邹建 2005.08(引用请保留此信息)
— ========================================================================
SELECT
TableId=O.[object_id],
TableName=O.Name,
IndexId=ISNULL(KC.[object_id],IDX.index_id),
IndexName=IDX.Name,
IndexType=ISNULL(KC.type_desc,’Index’),
Index_Column_id=IDXC.index_column_id,
ColumnID=C.Column_id,
ColumnName=C.Name,
Sort=CASE INDEXKEY_PROPERTY(IDXC.[object_id],IDXC.index_id,IDXC.index_column_id,’IsDescending’)
WHEN 1 THEN ‘DESC’ WHEN 0 THEN ‘ASC’ ELSE ” END,
PrimaryKey=CASE WHEN IDX.is_primary_key=1 THEN N’√’ELSE N” END,
[UQIQUE]=CASE WHEN IDX.is_unique=1 THEN N’√’ELSE N” END,
Ignore_dup_key=CASE WHEN IDX.ignore_dup_key=1 THEN N’√’ELSE N” END,
Disabled=CASE WHEN IDX.is_disabled=1 THEN N’√’ELSE N” END,
Fill_factor=IDX.fill_factor,
Padded=CASE WHEN IDX.is_padded=1 THEN N’√’ELSE N” END
FROM sys.indexes IDX
INNER JOIN sys.index_columns IDXC
ON IDX.[object_id]=IDXC.[object_id]
AND IDX.index_id=IDXC.index_id
LEFT JOIN sys.key_constraints KC
ON IDX.[object_id]=KC.[parent_object_id]
AND IDX.index_id=KC.unique_index_id
INNER JOIN sys.objects O
ON O.[object_id]=IDX.[object_id]
INNER JOIN sys.columns C
ON O.[object_id]=C.[object_id]
AND O.type=’U’
AND O.is_ms_shipped=0
AND IDXC.Column_id=C.Column_id
–SQL Server对大容量内存的支持:
/*
32位操作系统有个很大的缺陷，应用程序无法访问大于4G的进程地址空间，因为32位的指针无法保存大于4G的地址空间
如果大于4G，则需要使用地址窗口化扩展插件(AWE)，具体操作如下：
1，启动物理地址扩展
(1)找到C:\boot.ini,并删除其只读属性.
(2)编辑boot.ini，在ARC路径中添加/PAE参数.例如：
在windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition 中，编辑后的ARC路径如下：
muti(0)disk(0)partition(1)windows=”windows Server 2003 Enterprise,Edition”/fastdetect/PAE
保存后将其恢复为只读模式，然后重新启动计算机。
如果计算机上的可用物理内存超过16G，应确保boot.ini文件中没有/3gb参数
*/
–如何启动AWE选项:
sp_configure’show advanced options’,1
reconfigure
go
sp_configue ‘awe enabled’,1
reconfigure
go
–手动配置内存选项:
sp_configure’show advanced options’,1
go
reconfigure
go
sp_configure ‘min server memory’ –服务器最小内存
sp_configure ‘max server memory’ –服务器最大内存
sp_configure ‘index create memory’–创建索引占用的内存
sp_configure ‘min memory per query’–每次查询占用的最小内存
–获取磁盘读写情况:
select
@@total_read as ‘读取磁盘的次数’,
@@total_write as ‘写入磁盘的次数’,
@@total_error as ‘磁盘写入错误数’,
getdate() as ‘当前时间’
–获取数据库文件的I/O统计信息:
select * from fn_virtualfilestats(null,null)
–获取I/O工作情况:
select
@@id_busy，–SQL自上次启动以来的用于执行输入和输出操作的时间
@@timeticks, –每个时钟周期对应的微秒数
@@id_busy*@@timeticks as ‘I/O 操作毫秒数’,
getdate() as ‘当前时间’
–查看SQL SEVER CPU活动,工作情况:
select
@@cpu_busy,–自上次启动以来的工作时间
@@timeticks, –每个时钟周期对应的微秒数
@@cpu_busy*cast(@@timeticks as float)/1000 as ‘cpu工作时间(秒)’,
@@idie*cast(@@timeticks as float)/1000 as ‘CPU空闲时间(秒)’
getdate() as ‘当前时间’
–获取网络数据包统计信息:
select
getdate() as ‘当前时间’,
@@pack_received as’输入数据包数量’,
@@pack_sent as ‘输出数据包数量’,
@@packet_error as ‘错误包数量’
–查看服务器工作状态:
create function fgetsstatus(
@servername varchar(50) –服务器名
,@userid varchar(50)=’sa’ –用户名,如果为nt验证方式,则为空
,@password varchar(50)=” –密码
) returns varchar(20)
as
begin
declare @re varchar(20),@ire int –返回状态
declare @srvid int –定义服务器、数据库集id
declare @err int,@src varchar(255), @desc varchar(255) –错误处理变量
–创建sqldmo对象 :
exec @err=sp_oacreate ‘sqldmo.sqlserver’,@srvid output
if @err <>0 goto lberr
–连接服务器 :
if isnull(@userid,”)=” –如果是 Nt验证方式
begin
exec @err=sp_oasetproperty @srvid,’loginsecure’,1
if @err <>0 goto lberr
exec @err=sp_oamethod @srvid,’connect’,null,@servername
end
else
exec @err=sp_oamethod @srvid,’connect’,null,@servername,@userid,@password
if @err <>0 goto lberr
–获取服务器状态 :
exec @err=sp_oagetproperty @srvid,’Status’,@ire output
if @err <>0 goto lberr
set @re=case @ire when 0 then ‘未知’
when 1 then ‘运行…’
when 2 then ‘暂停’
when 3 then ‘停止…’
when 4 then ‘正在启动…’
when 5 then ‘正在启动停止…’
when 6 then ‘连接…’
when 7 then ‘正在暂停…’ end
return(@re)
lberr:
exec sp_oageterrorinfo NULL, @src out, @desc out
declare @errb varbinary(4)
set @errb=cast(@err as varbinary(4))
exec master..xp_varbintohexstr @errb,@re out
set @re=’错误号: ‘+@re
+char(13)+’错误源: ‘+@src
+char(13)+’错误描述: ‘+@desc
return(@re)
end
go
select dbo.fgetsstatus(‘192.168.102.208′,’sa’,’sa’)
——————–
–运行…
–获取服务器状态 :
if object_id(‘tb’)is not null drop table tb
go
create table tb(
表名 sysname,
记录数 int,
保留空间 nvarchar(10),
使用空间 varchar(10),
索引使用空间 varchar(10),
未用空间 varchar(10))
exec sp_MSForEachTable @command1=N’insert tb exec sp_spaceused ”?”’
select * from tb
–查看服务器版本 :
SELECT
SERVERPROPERTY(‘productversion’),
SERVERPROPERTY (‘productlevel’),
SERVERPROPERTY (‘edition’)
–查看数据库脱机时间 :
EXEC sp_configure ‘show advanced options’, 1
RECONFIGURE
go
EXEC sp_configure ‘xp_cmdshell’, 1
RECONFIGURE
GO
select a.name,a.database_id,a.create_date,b.physical_name into #a
from sys.databases a left join sys.master_files b on
a.database_id=b.database_id where has_dbaccess(a.name)<>1 and b.type=1
create table #b(info varchar(500))
declare @string varchar(max)
set @string=”
select @string=@string+’insert into #b exec xp_cmdshell”dir ‘+ physical_name +””+char(13)+char(10) from #a
execute(@string)
select a.name,substring(b.info,0,20) as 脱机时间,a.database_id,a.create_date,a.physical_name
from #a a left join #b b on
REVERSE(substring(REVERSE(physical_name),0,charindex(‘\’,REVERSE(physical_name))))
=REVERSE(substring(REVERSE(info),0,charindex(‘ ‘,REVERSE(info))))
drop table #a,#b
go
EXEC sp_configure ‘xp_cmdshell’, 0
RECONFIGURE
go
EXEC sp_configure ‘show advanced options’, 0
RECONFIGURE
go
/*
1. 查看数据库的版本
select @@version
2.查看数据库所在机器操作系统参数 .
exec master..xp_msver ..
3. 查看数据库启动的参数 !
sp_configure
4.查看数据库启动时间 .
select convert(varchar(30),login_time,120) from master..sysprocesses where spid=1
查看数据库服务器名和实例名 .
print ”Server Name……………: ” + convert(varchar(30),@@SERVERNAME) .
print ”Instance………………: ” + convert(varchar(30),@@SERVICENAME) …
5. 查看所有数据库名称及大小
sp_helpdb 。
重命名数据库用的SQL
sp_renamedb ”old_dbname”, ”new_dbname”
6. 查看所有数据库用户登录信息 ..
sp_helplogins
查看所有数据库用户所属的角色信息
sp_helpsrvrolemember !
修复迁移服务器时孤立用户时,可以用的fix_orphan_user脚本或者LoneUser过程 .
更改某个数据对象的用户属主
sp_changeobjectowner [@objectname =] ”object”, [@newowner =] ”owner” .
注意: 更改对象名的任一部分都可能破坏脚本和存储过程。
把一台服务器上的数据库用户登录信息备份出来可以用add_login_to_aserver脚本
7. 查看链接服务器 …
sp_helplinkedsrvlogin
查看远端数据库用户登录信息 。
sp_helpremotelogin ..
8.查看某数据库下某个数据对象的大小 !
sp_spaceused @objname
还可以用sp_toptables过程看最大的N(默认为50)
*/
–查看作业执行情况 :
select category = jc.name,
category_id = jc.category_id,
job_name = j.name,
job_enabled = j.enabled,
last_run_time = cast(js.last_run_date as varchar(10)) + ‘-‘ + cast(js.last_run_time as varchar(10)),
last_run_duration = js.last_run_duration,
last_run_status = js.last_run_outcome,
last_run_msg = js.last_outcome_message + cast(nullif(js.last_run_outcome,1) as varchar(2)),
job_created = j.date_created,
job_modified = j.date_modified
from msdb.dbo.sysjobs j
inner join msdb.dbo.sysjobservers js
on j.job_id = js.job_id
inner join msdb.dbo.syscategories jc
on j.category_id = jc.category_id
where j.enabled = 1
and js.last_run_outcome in (0,1,3,5) — 0:Fail 1:Succ 3:Cancel 5:First run
and jc.category_id not between 10 and 20 — repl
–查询数据库db中表tb的所有索引的随片情况 :
use db
go
select
a.index_id,—索引编号
b.name,—索引名称
avg_fragmentation_in_percent—索引的逻辑碎片
from
sys.dm_db_indx_physical_stats(db_id(),object_id(N’create.consume’),null,null,null) as a
join
sys.indexes as b
on
a.object_id=b.object_id
and
a.index_id=b.index_id
go
–用户成员权限:
USE pubs
–创建角色 r_test
EXEC sp_addrole ‘r_test’
–授予 r_test 对 jobs 表的所有权限
GRANT ALL ON jobs TO r_test
–授予角色 r_test 对 titles 表的 SELECT 权限
GRANT SELECT ON titles TO r_test
–添加登录 l_test,设置密码为pwd,默认数据库为pubs
EXEC sp_addlogin ‘l_test’,’pwd’,’pubs’
–为登录 l_test 在数据库 pubs 中添加安全账户 u_test
EXEC sp_grantdbaccess ‘l_test’,’u_test’
–添加 u_test 为角色 r_test 的成员
EXEC sp_addrolemember ‘r_test’,’u_test’
–拒绝安全账户 u_test 对 titles 表的 SELECT 权限
DENY SELECT ON titles TO u_test
/*–完成上述步骤后,用 l_test 登录,可以对jobs表进行所有操作,但无法对titles表查询,虽然角色 r_test 有titles表的select权限,但已经在安全账户中明确拒绝了对titles的select权限,所以l_test无titles表的select权限–*/
–从数据库 pubs 中删除安全账户
EXEC sp_revokedbaccess ‘u_test’
–删除登录 l_test
EXEC sp_droplogin ‘l_test’
–删除角色 r_test
EXEC sp_droprole ‘r_test’
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